that would be evil if they made us do that though... would you just use henderson hasselbach for every conjugate pair and sum up the concentration of protons? that feels dodge as i dont think so...
No for polyprotic acids there's the possibility of having 2 buffer regions. Have a look at the titration curve for it. So depending on the question you'll have one of those buffers and you apply the henderson-hasselbach equation only once for it.
For example for H2CO3 the first buffer is: H2CO3 ⇋ H+ + HCO3− (Ka1) ---> for this use [H2A] and [HA-]
And the second buffer is: HCO3− ⇋ H+ + CO32− (Ka2) ---> for this use [HA-] and [A2-]
Both of these buffers have different Ka and hence different pKa which I think generally will be given.
so the question will tell you which specific buffer is being used, because they obviously won't be using them both at once.
Then you find [HA] and [A-] according to that.
I really hope this doesn't come up though cause it's even harder when they do it in terms of a weak base and its conjugate acid.